What is the Costa-Hawkins Act, and why does it matter to LA apartment owners?
Costa-Hawkins is the 1995 California law that draws the boundaries of local rent control. It guarantees vacancy decontrol, meaning that when a tenant leaves the owner can reset the unit to market rent, and it exempts single-family homes, condos, and buildings first occupied after February 1, 1995 (or a city's earlier cutoff, October 1, 1978 in Los Angeles) from local rent caps. Nearly all LA multifamily value-add math rests on this law, which is why repeal attempts keep appearing on the ballot.
Answered by Shaya Lowenstein, a Los Angeles multifamily broker at Lyon Stahl Investment Real Estate, CA DRE 01942326, with 15 years in apartment buildings and land across Los Angeles County. His closed sales are published with addresses and recording dates, so anything claimed here can be checked against the county record.
Start typing the address. The answer comes from the county roll and the city ordinance, on this page, free, with no email required.
What it protects, in practice.
Vacancy decontrol is the engine of LA value-add. An RSO unit renting at $1,200 against a $2,100 market can be reset the day it turns over legally. Costa-Hawkins is why that reset exists. Without it, cities could impose vacancy control and cap the rent on empty units too. The construction-date exemption carries just as much. It is the reason a 2005-built building underwrites on AB 1482's 5%-plus-CPI cap instead of RSO's stricter formula, and the reason cities cannot move their rent-control cutoff dates forward to capture newer product. Every loss-to-lease number in an offering memorandum implicitly assumes Costa-Hawkins stays on the books.
The repeal attempts, and why they keep failing.
Voters have rejected repeal three times: Proposition 10 in 2018, Proposition 21 in 2020, and Proposition 33 in November 2024, which lost 60-40. Each cycle, the market prices in the risk for a few months. Buyers widen cap rates on heavy loss-to-lease deals, some sellers accelerate to close before the election, and then it reverts. The pattern matters more than any single result. Repeal would let cities impose vacancy control and extend caps to newer buildings, which would compress the value of rent upside across the board. Owners sitting on large loss-to-lease should at least understand that their upside has a political dimension. It is a reason to know your number in every cycle, not a reason to panic-sell.
EDUCATIONAL ONLY, NOT LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE. RATES, THRESHOLDS AND ORDINANCES CHANGE, AND SEVERAL OF THE FIGURES HERE DEPEND ON FACTS SPECIFIC TO YOU. CONFIRM ANYTHING YOU PLAN TO ACT ON WITH YOUR OWN ATTORNEY OR CPA, OR WITH THE AGENCY THAT SETS IT.
Does Costa-Hawkins limit how much I can raise rent on a sitting tenant?
No. It governs which units local rent control can reach, not the size of increases. Increases on sitting tenants are set by your local ordinance (RSO in LA) or by AB 1482 statewide.
If Costa-Hawkins were repealed, would my rents roll back?
Repeal itself changes nothing. It would hand cities the power to write stricter rules, including vacancy control. What each city would actually pass is the unknown that markets price as risk.
Are single-family rentals really exempt from LA rent control?
From RSO rent caps, yes, under Costa-Hawkins. But they can still be covered by AB 1482 (depending on ownership) and by LA's just-cause eviction rules. Exempt from one law is not exempt from all.
SHAYA LOWENSTEIN · LYON STAHL INVESTMENT REAL ESTATE · DRE #01942326 · (323) 944-2221